Change into reported speech

1.      Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath”, he said.

2.      Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real, they are serious and they are many

3.      They will not be met easily or in a short span of time

4.      On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord

5.      This is the journey we continue today

6.      “We must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.

7.      There is work to be done.

8.      We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids

9.      The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product

10.  “Our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken. You cannot outlast us and we will defeat you”

 

Change into direct speech

11.  Our founding fathers have faced with perils that we could scarcely imagine

12.  The nation couldn’t prosper long when it favored only the prosperous.

13.  He reminded us to recall that earlier generations had faced down fascism and communism

14.  Your people would judge us on what we could build, not what we destroyed.

15.  Our challenges might be new, the instruments with which we met them might be new

16.  He invited us to mark that day in remembrance of who we were and how far we had travelled.

17.  Let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come

 


bestow – conceder

charter – cartas, fueros

creed – credo

deceit – engaño

dissent - desacuerdo

draft – preparar un borrador

embody – encarnar, personificar, plasma

endure – soportar

enduring – duradera

faint-hearted – pusilánime, week

falter – decaer, flaquear

forge – forjar

grievance - queja

grudgingly – a regañadientes, de mala gana

hardship – privación, apuros

harness – aprovechar, utilizar

huddle - apiñarse

levee – dique

mall – paseo

nagging – insistente, persistente

nourish – nutrir, alimentar

outcome – resultado

outlast – durar más que…, sobrevivir

petty - insignificante

pledge – prometer, promesa

roll back – remontarse en el tiempo

rugged - áspero

sapping – debilitando, minando

seize – agarrar, aprovechar, tomar

settling – asentarse, colonizar

shift – mover

spin out- estirar

stain – mancha, manchar

stale – rancio, pasado, viejo

sturdy – sólido, resistente, fuerte

sweatshops - fábricas que explotan a los trabajadores

swill – bazofia

toil – trabajar duro

unclench – soltar, liberar

unclench- liberar

ushering – acomodarse

waver – tambalear, titubear

 

ESSAY

 

A. Make a summary of Obama’s Inaugural address in the following points:

1.    The American crisis

2.      International affairs

3.      Social challenges

4.      Future challenges

 

 

B. Write 100 to 120 words using connectors and linking paragraphs (don´t forget to review tenses, sentence order, structure…) Use your own words based on the text.